7 Rights Every Patient Should Know

Knowledge is power in healthcare. Understanding your legal rights as a patient gives you the confidence to advocate effectively and demand the care you deserve.

1. The Right to Informed Consent

You have the right to understand any procedure, treatment, or medication before agreeing to it. This includes risks, benefits, alternatives, and the right to refuse.

In practice: Ask “What are the risks?” and “What happens if I don’t do this?” before any treatment.

2. The Right to Access Your Medical Records

Your medical records belong to you. You can request copies, review them for accuracy, and share them with other providers.

Know this: Most states require records to be provided within 30 days, and you cannot be denied care for requesting them.

3. The Right to Privacy and Confidentiality

Your health information is protected by HIPAA laws. Providers cannot share your information without your written consent (except in specific legal circumstances).

Your control: You decide who can access your health information and what can be shared.

4. The Right to Emergency Care

Hospitals cannot refuse emergency treatment based on your ability to pay. Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act (EMTALA) protects this right.

Important: This applies to medical emergencies and active labor, regardless of insurance status or citizenship.

5. The Right to File Complaints

You can file grievances with the hospital, your insurance company, or state health departments if you feel your rights have been violated.

Escalation path: Start with the provider’s office manager, then move to hospital administration, insurance, or state agencies.

6. The Right to Participate in Treatment Decisions

You are an equal partner in your healthcare decisions. Providers should involve you in creating treatment plans that align with your values and goals.

This means: You can ask questions, request alternatives, and expect your preferences to be respected.

7. The Right to Respectful Treatment

You have the right to be treated with dignity, regardless of your race, gender, age, religion, disability, or socioeconomic status.

Non-negotiable: Discrimination in healthcare is illegal, and you deserve compassionate, professional care.

When Rights Are Violated: Document everything, speak to supervisors, and don’t hesitate to seek care elsewhere if needed.